Customer Adoption of Neobank Services from a Technology Acceptance Perspective – Evidence from Hungary

Szabolcs Nagy; László Molnár; Adrienn Papp

doi:10.31181/dmame712024883

Authors

Szabolcs Nagy Faculty of Economics, University of Miskolc, Hungary https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1886-0848
László Molnár Faculty of Economics, University of Miskolc, Hungary https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1902-6553
Adrienn Papp Faculty of Economics, University of Miskolc, Hungary https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0757-3909

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31181/dmame712024883

Keywords:

Customer adaption, Neobank, Technology acceptance model, TAM, Trust, Hungary

Abstract

The rapid technological development of recent years has led to a transformation and digitalisation of financial services, resulting in an increasing number of neobanks. At the same time, consumer acceptance of the services offered by these branchless banks is a key success factor for their widespread adoption. The aim of our research is to understand the individual decision-making process of potential and current neobank users. This paper seeks to explore the relationships between the factors that influence customers' intention to use neobank services by extending the widely used technology acceptance model (TAM) to include trust. To answer the research questions, we conducted an online questionnaire survey in Hungary in 2022. Using structural equation modelling (SEM) on a sample of 475 respondents, we found that intention to use is directly influenced by attitude towards use, which in turn is positively influenced by trust, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. Based on these results, we recommend that neobanks should focus on building positive attitudes towards their services by emphasising trust, reliability, ease of use and usefulness of their services.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Gölpek, F. (2015). Service Sector and Technological Developments. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 181, 125–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.04.873

Lakatos, V., Balogh, P., & Czine, P. (2022). Innovatív online banki szolgáltatások megítélésének vizsgálata – diszkrét választási kísérlet egyetemista fogyasztók körében. Competitio, 21(1–2), 64–91. https://doi.org/10.21845/comp/2022/1-2/5

Feyen, E. H. B., Natarajan, H., Heffernan, R. P., Saal, M., & Sarkar, A. (2022). World Bank Group Global Market Survey: Digital Technology and the Future of Finance (English) (Issue 170796). http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099735404212273637/P1730060bfa4c60010b833091f0f2fe2fc8

Monis, E., & Pai, R. (2023). Neo Banks: A Paradigm Shift in Banking. International Journal of Case Studies in Business, IT, and Education, 318–332. https://doi.org/10.47992/IJCSBE.2581.6942.0275

Frost, J., Gambacorta, L., Huang, Y., Shin, H. S., & Zbinden, P. (2019). BigTech and the changing structure of financial intermediation. Economic Policy, 34(100), 761–799. https://doi.org/10.1093/epolic/eiaa003

Murinde, V., Rizopoulos, E., & Zachariadis, M. (2022). The impact of the FinTech revolution on the future of banking: Opportunities and risks. International Review of Financial Analysis, 81, 102103. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IRFA.2022.102103

Wewege, L., & Thomsett, M. C. (2019). The Digital Banking Revolution: How Fintech Companies are Transforming the Retail Banking Industry Through Disruptive Financial Innovation. In The Digital Banking Revolution. De Gruyter. https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9781547401598/html

Frost, J., Gambacorta, L., & Shin, H. S. (2021). From Financial Innovation to Inclusion. FINANCE & DEVELOPMENT, 14–17. https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2021/03/pdf/making-financial-innovation-more-inclusive-frost.pdf

Ahmed, S., & Sur, S. (2023). Change in the uses pattern of digital banking services by Indian rural MSMEs during demonetization and Covid-19 pandemic-related restrictions. Vilakshan - XIMB Journal of Management, 20(1), 166–192. https://doi.org/10.1108/XJM-09-2020-0138

Chauhan, S., Akhtar, A., & Gupta, A. (2022). Customer experience in digital banking: a review and future research directions. International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences, 14(2), 311–348. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJQSS-02-2021-0027

Kauflin, J. (2019). Dawn Of The Neobank: The Fintechs Trying To Kill The Corner Bank. In Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/jeffkauflin/2019/11/04/dawn-of-the-neobank-the-fintechs-trying-to-kill-the-corner-bank/

Pritchard, J. (2022). What Are Neobanks? In The Balance. https://www.thebalancemoney.com/what-is-a-neobank-and-should-you-try-one-4186468

Banga, C., Beena, F., Manchandani, P., & Shukla, V. (2023). Growth and Future of Neo Banks – A Survey. 2023 International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Knowledge Economy (ICCIKE), 467–472. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCIKE58312.2023.10131692

Haddad, C., & Hornuf, L. (2019). The emergence of the global fintech market: economic and technological determinants. Small Business Economics, 53(1), 81–105. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-018-9991-x

Ananda, S., Devesh, S., & Al Lawati, A. M. (2020). What factors drive the adoption of digital banking? An empirical study from the perspective of Omani retail banking. Journal of Financial Services Marketing, 25(1–2), 14-24. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41264-020-00072-y

Nguyen, O. T. (2020). Factors Affecting the Intention to Use Digital Banking in Vietnam. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(3), 303–310. https://doi.org/10.13106/JAFEB.2020.VOL7.NO3.303

Kaur, S. J., Ali, L., Hassan, M. K., & Al-Emran, M. (2021). Adoption of digital banking channels in an emerging economy: exploring the role of in-branch efforts. Journal of Financial Services Marketing, 26(2), 107-121. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41264-020-00082-w

Lakatos, V., Balogh, P., & Czine, P. (2022). Innovatív online banki szolgáltatások megítélésének vizsgálata – diszkrét választási kísérlet egyetemista fogyasztók körében. Competitio, 21(1–2), 64–91. https://doi.org/10.21845/comp/2022/1-2/5

Meijer, K., Abhishta, A., & Joosten, R. (2023). Role of Culture in Customer Acceptance of Neobanks. In J. Van Hillegersberg, J. Osterrieder, F. Rabhi, A. Abhishta, V. Marisetty, & X. Huang (Eds.), Enterprise Applications, Markets and Services in the Finance Industry (Vol. 467, pp. 97–116). Springer International Publishing. https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-031-31671-5_7

Rohall, P. J. (2022). Neobanking Index: The State of Neobanks in 2022. In SEON. https://seon.io/resources/neobanking-index/

Statista. (2023). Neobanking report 2023. In Statista Digital Market Outlook. Statista.

Dubey, V. (2019). FinTech Innovations in Digital Banking. International Journal of Engineering Research And, 8(10), IJERTV8IS100285. https://doi.org/10.17577/IJERTV8IS100285

Wewege, L., & Thomsett, M. C. (2019). The Digital Banking Revolution: How Fintech Companies are Transforming the Retail Banking Industry Through Disruptive Financial Innovation. In The Digital Banking Revolution. De Gruyter. https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9781547401598/html

Murinde, V., Rizopoulos, E., & Zachariadis, M. (2022). The impact of the FinTech revolution on the future of banking: Opportunities and risks. International Review of Financial Analysis, 81, 102103. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IRFA.2022.102103

Monis, E., & Pai, R. (2023). Neo Banks: A Paradigm Shift in Banking. International Journal of Case Studies in Business, IT, and Education, 7(2), 318–332. https://doi.org/10.47992/IJCSBE.2581.6942.0275

Chhabra, M., Borasi, P., & Kumar, V. (2020). Online Banking Market - Global Opportunity Analysis and Industry Forecast, 2020-2027 (Issue A01952). https://www.alliedmarketresearch.com/online-banking-market

Bajnai, P., & Fenyves, V. (2021). A controlling szerepének és eszköztárának átalakulása a digitalizáció hatására. CONTROLLER INFO, IX(4), 2–8. https://doi.org/10.24387/CI.2021.4.1

Byers, R. E., & Lederer, P. J. (2001). Retail Bank Services Strategy: A Model of Traditional, Electronic, and Mixed Distribution Choices. Journal of Management Information Systems, 18(2), 133–156. https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.2001.11045686

Nurbaev Cheuk Hang Au Chih-Yuan Chou, V. (n.d.). Association for Information Systems Association for Information Systems Exploring the Critical Success Factors of Different Types of Exploring the Critical Success Factors of Different Types of FinTech: A Beginning Case of Neobank FinTech: A Beginning Case of Neobank. https://aisel.aisnet.org/digit2022

Li, M.-L., Lin, S.-P., Chan, Y.-H., & Wu, C.-H. (2021). Customer Involvement Facets Stimulating Customers’ Intention to Use Internet-Only Bank Services in China. Journal of Organizational and End User Computing, 33(5), 74–97. https://doi.org/10.4018/JOEUC.20210901.oa4

Bradford, T. (2020). Neobanks: Banks by Any Other Name? FEDERAL RESERVE BANK OF KANSAS CITY. https://www.kansascityfed.org/Payments%20Systems%20Research%20Briefings/documents/7600/psrb20bradford0812.pdf

Walden, S., & Strohm, M. (2021). What Is A Neobank? – Forbes Advisor. In https://www.forbes.com/advisor/banking/. https://www.forbes.com/advisor/banking/what-is-a-neobank/

Ahn, S. J., & Lee, S. H. (2019). The Effect of Consumers’ Perceived Value on Acceptance of an Internet-Only Bank Service. Sustainability, 11(17), 4599. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11174599

Osintsev, N., & Khalilian, B. (2023). Does Organizational Performance Increase with Innovation and Strategic Planning? Journal of Operational and Strategic Analytics, 1(1), 25–33. https://doi.org/10.56578/josa010104

Moghaddam, P., & Tarokh, M. J. (2012). Customer Involvement in Innovation Process Based on Open Innovation Concepts. International Journal of Research in Industrial Engineering Journal Homepage, 1(2), 1–9. www.nvlscience.com/index.php/ijrie

Fasnacht, D. (2018). Open Innovation in the Financial Services. In Open Innovation Ecosystems (pp. 97–130). Springer International Publishing. http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-76394-1_4

Lee, L.-H., Braud, T., Zhou, P., Wang, L., Xu, D., Lin, Z., Kumar, A., Bermejo, C., & Hui, P. (2021). All One Needs to Know about Metaverse: A Complete Survey on Technological Singularity, Virtual Ecosystem, and Research Agenda. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2110.05352

Şanlısoy, S., & Çiloğlu, T. (2023). A View of the Future of the Metaverse Economy on the Basis of the Global Financial System: New Opportunities and Risks. Journal of Corporate Governance, Insurance, and Risk Management, 10(1), 28–41. https://doi.org/10.56578/jcgirm100104

Dwivedi, Y. K., Hughes, L., Baabdullah, A. M., Ribeiro-Navarrete, S., Giannakis, M., Al-Debei, M. M., Dennehy, D., Metri, B., Buhalis, D., Cheung, C. M. K., Conboy, K., Doyle, R., Dubey, R., Dutot, V., Felix, R., Goyal, D. P., Gustafsson, A., Hinsch, C., Jebabli, I., … Wamba, S. F. (2022). Metaverse beyond the hype: Multidisciplinary perspectives on emerging challenges, opportunities, and agenda for research, practice and policy. International Journal of Information Management, 66, 102542. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2022.102542

Curphey, M. (2022). Why fintechs are banking on the metaverse. In Raconteur. https://www.raconteur.net/finance/why-fintechs-are-banking-on-the-metaverse

Bhatnagr, P., & Rajesh, A. (2023). Neobanking adoption – An integrated UTAUT-3, perceived risk and recommendation model. South Asian Journal of Marketing. https://doi.org/10.1108/SAJM-06-2022-0040

Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, and User Acceptance of Information Technology. MIS Quarterly, 13(3), 319. https://doi.org/10.2307/249008

Venkatesh, Morris, Davis, & Davis. (2003). User Acceptance of Information Technology: Toward a Unified View. MIS Quarterly, 27(3), 425. https://doi.org/10.2307/30036540

Hwang, Y. (2005). Investigating enterprise systems adoption: uncertainty avoidance, intrinsic motivation, and the technology acceptance model. European Journal of Information Systems, 14(2), 150–161. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ejis.3000532

Araújo, T., & Casais, B. (2020). Customer Acceptance of Shopping-Assistant Chatbots. In Á. Rocha, J. L. Reis, M. K. Peter, & Z. Bogdanović (Eds.), Marketing and Smart Technologies (Vol. 167, pp. 278–287). Springer Singapore. http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-981-15-1564-4_26

Venkatesh, V. (2000). Determinants of Perceived Ease of Use: Integrating Control, Intrinsic Motivation, and Emotion into the Technology Acceptance Model. Information Systems Research, 11(4), 342–365. https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.11.4.342.11872

Granić, A., & Marangunić, N. (2019). Technology acceptance model in educational context: A systematic literature review. British Journal of Educational Technology, 50(5), 2572–2593. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12864

Yasa, N. N. K., Ratnaningrum, L. P. R. A., & Sukaatmadja, P. G. (2014). The Application of Technology Acceptance Model On Internet Banking Users In The City Of Denpasar. Jurnal Manajemen Dan Kewirausahaan, 16(2), 93–102. https://doi.org/10.9744/jmk.16.2.93-102

Nugroho, H. S. W., Notobroto, H. B., & Rosyanti, L. (2021). Acceptance Model of a Mandatory Health Information System in Indonesia. Healthcare Informatics Research, 27(2), 127–136. https://doi.org/10.4258/hir.2021.27.2.127

Abbad, M. M. M. (2021). Using the UTAUT model to understand students’ usage of e-learning systems in developing countries. Education and Information Technologies, 26(6), 7205–7224. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-021-10573-5

Alam, M. Z., Hoque, Md. R., Hu, W., & Barua, Z. (2020). Factors influencing the adoption of mHealth services in a developing country: A patient-centric study. International Journal of Information Management, 50, 128–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2019.04.016

Muñoz-Leiva, F., Climent-Climent, S., & Liébana-Cabanillas, F. (2017). Determinants of intention to use the mobile banking apps: An extension of the classic TAM model. Spanish Journal of Marketing - ESIC, 21(1), 25–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjme.2016.12.001

Merhi, M., Hone, K., & Tarhini, A. (2019). A cross-cultural study of the intention to use mobile banking between Lebanese and British consumers: Extending UTAUT2 with security, privacy and trust. Technology in Society, 59, 101151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2019.101151

Susilo, A. Z., Prabowo, M. I., Taman, A., Pustikaningsih, A., & Samlawi, A. (2019). A Comparative Study of Factors Affecting User Acceptance of GO-PAY and OVO As a Feature of Fintech Application. Procedia Computer Science, 161, 876–884. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2019.11.195

Hu, Z., Ding, S., Li, S., Chen, L., & Yang, S. (2019). Adoption Intention of Fintech Services for Bank Users: An Empirical Examination with an Extended Technology Acceptance Model. Symmetry, 11(3), 340. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym11030340

Komalasari, F., & Ramadhani, F. (2020). THE CHANGE OF BANKING CULTURE: FACTORS AFFECTING ONLINE BANKING USAGE IN INDONESIA. Journal Sampurasun: Interdisciplinary Studies for Cultural Heritage, 6(2), 45-58. https://doi.org/10.23969/sampurasun.v6i2.3316

Singh, S., & Srivastava, R. K. (2020). Understanding the intention to use mobile banking by existing online banking customers: an empirical study. Journal of Financial Services Marketing, 25(3–4), 86–96. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41264-020-00074-w

Albort-Morant, G., Sanchís-Pedregosa, C., & Paredes Paredes, J. R. (2022). Online banking adoption in Spanish cities and towns. Finding differences through TAM application. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 35(1), 854–872. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2021.1945477

Alnemer, H. A. (2022). Determinants of digital banking adoption in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A technology acceptance model approach. Digital Business, 2(2), 100037. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.digbus.2022.100037

Bajunaied, K., Hussin, N., & Kamarudin, S. (2023). Behavioral intention to adopt FinTech services: An extension of unified theory of acceptance and use of technology. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 9(1), 100010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joitmc.2023.100010

Davis, F. D., Bagozzi, R. P., & Warshaw, P. R. (1989). User Acceptance of Computer Technology: A Comparison of Two Theoretical Models. Management Science, 35(8), 982–1003. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.35.8.982

Fortes, N., & Rita, P. (2016). Privacy concerns and online purchasing behaviour: Towards an integrated model. European Research on Management and Business Economics, 22(3), 167–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iedeen.2016.04.002

Banu, A. M., Mohamed, N. S., & Parayitam, S. (2019). Online Banking and Customer Satisfaction: Evidence from India. Asia-Pacific Journal of Management Research and Innovation, 15(1–2), 68–80. https://doi.org/10.1177/2319510X19849730

Bashir, I., & Madhavaiah, C. (2015). Consumer attitude and behavioural intention towards Internet banking adoption in India. Journal of Indian Business Research, 7(1), 67–102. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIBR-02-2014-0013

Marakarkandy, B., Yajnik, N., & Dasgupta, C. (2017). Enabling internet banking adoption: An empirical examination with an augmented technology acceptance model (TAM). Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 30(2), 263–294. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEIM-10-2015-0094

Khalifa, M., & Ning Shen, K. (2008). Explaining the adoption of transactional B2C mobile commerce. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 21(2), 110–124. https://doi.org/10.1108/17410390810851372

Kim, S., & Garrison, G. (2009). Investigating mobile wireless technology adoption: An extension of the technology acceptance model. Information Systems Frontiers, 11(3), 323–333. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-008-9073-8

Tsu Wei, T., Marthandan, G., Yee‐Loong Chong, A., Ooi, K., & Arumugam, S. (2009). What drives Malaysian m‐commerce adoption? An empirical analysis. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 109(3), 370–388. https://doi.org/10.1108/02635570910939399

Pikkarainen, T., Pikkarainen, K., Karjaluoto, H., & Pahnila, S. (2004). Consumer acceptance of online banking: an extension of the technology acceptance model. Internet Research, 14(3), 224–235. https://doi.org/10.1108/10662240410542652

Davis, F. D. (1993). User acceptance of information technology: system characteristics, user perceptions and behavioral impacts. International Journal of Man-Machine Studies, 38(3), 475–487. https://doi.org/10.1006/imms.1993.1022

Stoel, L., & Hye Lee, K. (2003). Modeling the effect of experience on student acceptance of Web‐based courseware. Internet Research, 13(5), 364–374. https://doi.org/10.1108/10662240310501649

Cudjoe, A. G., Anim, P. A., & Tetteh Nyanyofio, J. G. N. (2015). Determinants of Mobile Banking Adoption in the Ghanaian Banking Industry: A Case of Access Bank Ghana Limited. Journal of Computer and Communications, 3(2), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.4236/jcc.2015.32001

George, J. F. (2004). The theory of planned behavior and Internet purchasing. Internet Research, 14(3), 198–212. https://doi.org/10.1108/10662240410542634

Püschel, J., Afonso Mazzon, J., & Mauro C. Hernandez, J. (2010). Mobile banking: proposition of an integrated adoption intention framework. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 28(5), 389–409. https://doi.org/10.1108/02652321011064908

Köksal, Y., & Penez, S. (2015). An Investigation of the Important Factors Influence Web Trust in Online Shopping. Journal of Marketing Management. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/An-Investigation-of-the-Important-Factors-Influence-K%C3%B6ksal-Penez/87084fbd6d872331ae783ce18a22ccb60e93f754

Gefen, Karahanna, & Straub. (2003). Trust and TAM in Online Shopping: An Integrated Model. MIS Quarterly, 27(1), 51. https://doi.org/10.2307/30036519

Delgado-Ballester, E., & Hernández-Espallardo, M. (2008). Effect of Brand Associations on Consumer Reactions to Unknown On-Line Brands. International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 12(3), 81–113. https://doi.org/10.2753/JEC1086-4415120305

Chaudhuri, A., & Holbrook, M. B. (2001). The Chain of Effects from Brand Trust and Brand Affect to Brand Performance: The Role of Brand Loyalty. Journal of Marketing, 65(2), 81–93. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.65.2.81.18255

Hwang, Y., & Kim, D. J. (2007). Customer self-service systems: The effects of perceived Web quality with service contents on enjoyment, anxiety, and e-trust. Decision Support Systems, 43(3), 746–760. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2006.12.008

McKnight, D. H., Choudhury, V., & Kacmar, C. (2002). Developing and Validating Trust Measures for e-Commerce: An Integrative Typology. Information Systems Research, 13(3), 334–359. https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.13.3.334.81

Chiu, C. L., Chiu, J. L., & Mansumitrchai, S. (2016). Privacy, security, infrastructure and cost issues in internet banking in the Philippines: initial trust formation. International Journal of Financial Services Management, 8(3), 240. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJFSM.2016.080119

Kim, D. J., Ferrin, D. L., & Rao, H. R. (2008). A trust-based consumer decision-making model in electronic commerce: The role of trust, perceived risk, and their antecedents. Decision Support Systems, 44(2), 544–564. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2007.07.001

Oh, S. H., Kim, Y. M., Lee, C. W., Shim, G. Y., Park, M. S., & Jung, H. S. (2009). Consumer adoption of virtual stores in Korea: Focusing on the role of trust and playfulness. Psychology and Marketing, 26(7), 652–668. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.20293

Alsajjan, B., & Dennis, C. (2010). Internet banking acceptance model: Cross-market examination. Journal of Business Research, 63(9–10), 957–963. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2008.12.014

Alalwan, A. A., Dwivedi, Y. K., Rana, N. P., Lal, B., & Williams, M. D. (2015). Consumer adoption of Internet banking in Jordan: Examining the role of hedonic motivation, habit, self-efficacy and trust. Journal of Financial Services Marketing, 20(2), 145–157. https://doi.org/10.1057/fsm.2015.5

Yadav, R., Sharma, S. K., & Tarhini, A. (2016). A multi-analytical approach to understand and predict the mobile commerce adoption. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 29(2), 222–237. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEIM-04-2015-0034

Tarhini, A., Alalwan, A. A., Al-Qirim, N., Algharabat, R., & Masa’deh, R. (2018). An Analysis of the Factors Influencing the Adoption of Online Shopping. International Journal of Technology Diffusion, 9(3), 68–87. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJTD.2018070105

Sharma, S. K., & Sharma, M. (2019). Examining the role of trust and quality dimensions in the actual usage of mobile banking services: An empirical investigation. International Journal of Information Management, 44, 65–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2018.09.013

Keskar, M. Y., & Pandey, N. (2018). Internet banking: a review (2002–2016). Journal of Internet Commerce, 17(3), 310–323. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332861.2018.1451969

Nguyen, T. T. H., Nguyen, N., Nguyen, T. B. L., Phan, T. T. H., Bui, L. P., & Moon, H. C. (2019). Investigating Consumer Attitude and Intention towards Online Food Purchasing in an Emerging Economy: An Extended TAM Approach. Foods, 8(11), 576. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods8110576

Marsh, H. W., Balla, J. R., & McDonald, R. P. (1988). Goodness-of-fit indexes in confirmatory factor analysis: The effect of sample size. Psychological Bulletin, 103(3), 391–410. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.391

Polych, V. (2023). How to Start a Neobank? - A Step-by-Step Guide by Northell. In Northell. https://northell.design/blog/how-to-start-a-neobank

Bellens, J., Lele, N., & Mannamkery, R. (2021). How can banks transform for a new generation of customers? https://www.ey.com/en_gl/banking-capital-markets/how-can-banks-transform-for-a-new-generation-of-customers

Byrne, B. M. (2016). Structural Equation Modeling With AMOS: Basic Concepts, Applications, and Programming, Third Edition (0 ed.). Routledge. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781317633136

Osborne, J. (2008). Best Practices in Quantitative Methods. SAGE Publications, Inc. https://methods.sagepub.com/book/best-practices-in-quantitative-methods

Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39. https://doi.org/10.2307/3151312

Hair, J. F. (2006). Multivariate data analysis (6th ed). Pearson Prentice Hall.

Malkanthie, M. A. A. (2015). Structural Equation Modeling with AMOS. Lap Lambert Academic Publishing.

Bentler, P. M., & Bonett, D. G. (1980). Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin, 88(3), 588–606. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.88.3.588